SUBJUNCTIVE (SIXTH MATERIAL)

A.       Pengertian Subjunctive

Subjunctive adalah suatu bentuk kata kerja yang digunakan untuk mengekspresikan unreal situation (dapat berupa conditional (pengandaian), wish (harapan), as if, as though yang berbeda dengan kenyataan), requirement (kebutuhan), maupun suggestion (saran). Subjunctive terdiri dari present dan past yang memiliki aturan penggunaan masing-masing. Kata-kata yang digunakan dalam subjunctive adalah “wish” (menginginkan/ mengharapkan), “as if/ as though” (seolah-olah), “would rather” (lebih suka), “if only” (seandainya/ jika saja).

Contoh:

1. I wish he were here to repair my computer. (Saya harap dia disini memperbaiki komputer.)
2. If only she were not here. (Seandainya dia tidak ada disini)
3. If only they could speak English. (Seandainya mereka bisa berbicara bahasa Inggris)
4. It is desirable that they be on time. (Diharapkan mereka datang tepat waktu.)
5. Siti eats much as if she had not eaten for a month. (Siti makan banyak seakan-akan dia sudah tidak makan sebulan.)

B.        Fungsi Subjuntive

1.      As if/ as though digunakan untuk menyatakan keadaan yang tidak benar kenyataan atau faktanya.

2.      Wish, would rather, dan if only digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu harapan atau keinginan.

C.       Struktur Subjunctive

1.      be (present)

Dalam kalimat Non-Verbal, semua Subject dalam Present Subjunctive menggunakan “be”, tidak menggunakan “is’am’are”.

• I be
• you be
• he, she, it be
• we be
• you be
• they be
•  

2.      be (past)

Dalam kalimat Non-Verbal, Semua subject dalam Past Subjunctives memakai “were”.

• I were
• you were
• he, she, it were
• we were
• you were
• they were

3.      Kata kerja lain (past & present)

•  
• Semua kata kerja harus dalam bentuk “Bare Infinitive” yaitu tidak mendapat imbuhan apapun seperti “s”, “es”, “ing”, atau “-ed”.

• I work
• you work
• he, she, it work
• we work
• you work
• they work

D.       Penggunaan Subjungtive

Penggunaan subjunctives ketika kita berbicara tentang suatu kegiatan yang sebenarnya tidak akan terjadi. Kita menggunakan subjunctive ketika berbicara tentang kegiatan yang seseorang, yang inginkan agar terjadi, harapkan akan terjadi, membayangkan akan terjadi

Contoh:

1. The President requests that you be present at the meeting.

2. It is vital that you be present at the meeting.
3. If you were at the meeting, the President would be happy.

Subjunctive biasanya menggunakan kedua struktur berikut:

• Kata Kerja: ask, command, demand, insist, propose, recommend, request, suggest + that
• Ekspresi: it is desirable, essential, important, necessary, vital + that

Contoh:

• The manager insists that the car park be locked at night. (Bukan: The…car park is locked). (Manager itu berharap agar semua area parkir dikunci pada malam hari)
• The board of directors recommended that he join the company. (BUKAN: The….that he could join). (Dewan DIreksi merekomendasikan agar dia dapat bergabung dengan Perusahaan)

E.        Rumus Penggunaan Subjungtive 

1.      Present Subjunctive

Present Subjunctive digunakan sebagai kalimat pengandaian yang mengacu pada masa sekarang, jadi faktanya juga dalam bentuk Simple Present Tense.

Wish

Subject (1) + wish + Subject (2) + Verb 2 / were

Contoh :  I wish you visited me. (Artinya: Saya berharap kamu mengunjungi saya.) (Faktanya: You don’t visit me.)

As if /As though

Subject (1) + Verb 1 + as if + Subject (2) + Verb2 / were

Contoh : The girl dresses as if it were summer now. (Artinya: Perempuan itu berpakaian seolah-olah sekarang musim panas.)

(Faktanya: it is not summer now.)

Would rather

Subject (1) + would rather + Subject (2) + Verb 2 / were

Contoh : Shelly would rather he told the truth. (Artinya: Shelly lebih suka dia mengatakan yang sebenarnya.)

(Faktanya: He doesn’t tell the truth.)

If only

If only + Subject + Verb 2

Contoh : If only she knew. (Artinya: Seandainya dia tau.)

(Faktanya: She doesn’t know.)

2.         Past Subjunctive

Past Subjunctive digunakan sebagai kalimat pengandaian yang mengacu pada masa lampau, jadi faktanya juga dalam bentuk Simple Past Tense.

Wish

Subject (1) + wished + Subject (2) + Had + Verb 3 / been

Contoh : She wished (that) she had had more time last night. (Artinya: Dia berharap bahwa dia punya waktu lebih kemarin malam.)

(Faktanya: She didn’t have more time last night.)

As if /As though

Subject (1) + Verb 2 + as if + Had + Verb 3 / been

Contoh : Jeff looked as though he had seen a ghost. (Artinya: Jeff terlihat seolah-olah dia telah melihat hantu.)

(Faktanya: He didn’t see a ghost.)

Would rather

Subject (1) + would rather + Subject 2 + Had + Verb 3 / been

Contoh : I would rather he had been here.  (Artinya: Saya lebih suka dia sudah berada disini.)

(Faktanya: He was not here.)

1. If only

If only + Subject + Had + Verb 3 / been

Contoh : If only Rachel had not been at home last night (Artinya: Seandainya Rachel sudah tidak ada di rumah kemarin malam.)

(Faktanya: Rachel was at home last night.)

3.   Future Subjunctive

Future Subjunctive digunakan sebagai kalimat pengandaian yang mengacu pada masa yang akan datang, jadi faktanya juga dalam bentuk Simple Future Tense.

Wish

Subject (1) + wish + Subject (2) + Could / Would + Verb 1

Contoh : I wish you would come to the party tonight.(Artinya: Saya berharap kamu akan datang ke pesta nanti malam.)

(Faktanya: He will not come to the party tonight)

I wish Fatimah could come. (Saya harap Fatimah bisa datang)
(Faktanya: Fatimah tidak bisa datang)

It is

Subject(1) + It is + Subject(2) + Could / Would + Verb 1

Contoh : It’s raining. She wishes it would stop.  (Hari sedang hujan. Dia berharap hujan akan berhenti)
(Faktanya: Sekarang masih hujan dan belum berhenti).

A.    SUBJUNCTIVE: AFTER NOUN

Kata benda yang berasaldari kata kerja yang membutuhkansubjunctive verbjugamembutuhkan subjunctive verb dalamanakkalimat. Kalimat yang demikianmempunyaikonstruksi:

Noun + that + subject + infinitive

Contoh:

a)      The proposal that he be fired is still under discussion

b)      The request that she marry him makes no sense at all

c)      The suggestion that he be chosen the chairman has been opposed

Beberapakata benda (noun) yang berasaldarikata kerja (verb) yang membutuhkansubjunctive verb: advice, command, demand, insistence, instruction, order, preference, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion.

Example:

Salah   : The suggestion that he was arrested was agreed

Salah   : The suggestion that he is arrested was agreed

Salah   : The suggestion that he will be arrested was agreed

Salah   : The suggestion that he would be arrested was agreed

Salah   : The suggestion that he being arrested was agreed

Benar   : The suggestion that he be arrested was agreed

B. SUBJUNCTIVE VERB AFTER ADJECTIVES OF IMPORTANCE; TO INFINITIVE AFTER ADJECTIVE

Konstruksikalimat yang menggunakan subjunctive verb setelah kata sifat (Adjective) adalah: It is + adjective + that + subject + infinitive

Contoh:

a)      It is important that he attend the meeting

b)      It is important that he not make any mistakes

c)      It is important that he be here

d)     It is important that he not be there

Beberapakatsifat (adjective) yang menunjukankepentinganmenggunakansubjunctive verbadalah: imperative, essential, (un)necessary, crucial, urgent.

Kata sifat (adjective) yang tidakmenunjukkankepentingantidakmenggunakansubjunctive verb.

Contoh: It is good that he is here

Konstruksikalimat yang menggunakan to infinitive setelah kata sifat (adjective) adalah: It is + adjective + (for somebody/something) to + infinitive

Contoh:

It is important (for him) to attend the meeting

Example:

Salah   : It is essential that you are on time

Salah   : It is essential that you will be on time

Salah   : It is essential that you must be on time

Salah   : It is essential that you being on time

Salah   : It is essential that you are being on time

Salah   : It is essential that be on time

Benar   : It is essential that you be on time

Benar   : It is essential that (for you) to be on time